Human Nutrition - Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

What is bolus?

Answer: After a mouthful of food has been chewed and swallowed.

What prevents food from entering trachea when swallowing?

Answer: Cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid or food from entering it when a person swallows.

Where does peristalsis begin?

Answer: GI Tract

Where does peristalsis occur?

Answer: Occurs continuously and pushes the intestinal contents along.

Where would you find a bolus?

Answer: The starting point is at the Esophagus at the time of swallowing.

Where would you find chyme ?

Answer: Starting point is the Stomach.

The stomach empties into which part of the digestive tract?

Answer: Small Intestine

What separates the colon from the small intestine?

Answer: Ileocecal valve

What is the main function of the rectum?

Answer: The muscular terminal part of the intestine.

What controls the passage of bolus/chyme through the GI tract?

Answer: The Muscular Action of Digestion Peristalsis

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Answer: To protect the walls of the stomach from the high acidity levels that are measured by pH units

What are the components of pancreatic juice?

Answer: Contains intestinal enzymes (carbohydrase, lipase, protease) water and bicarbonate

Which nutrients would be acted upon by pancreatic juice in the GI tract?

Answer: Carbohydrates, fats and proteins

What is one function of the gallbladder?

Answer: Releases bile into the duodenum for fat emulsification.

What is the function of bile?

Answer: Bile is produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and acts as an emulsifier (not an enzyme) to suspend fat as an aid to digestion

What nutrient is not digested but stimulates intestinal muscle contractions?

Answer: Fiber

Which hormone regulates the pH of the stomach?

Answer: Gastrin is secreted by the stomach. This is the hormone that regulates the production of hydrochloric acid.

What stimulates the pancreas to release juice?

Answer: Secretin is secreted by the duodenum. It stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

Fat in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone?

Answer: Secretin

What hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder

Answer: Cholecystokinin

What is a peptic ulcer?

Answer: A lesion in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcers) or the duodenum of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers)

What is the name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine where absorption occurs?

Answer: Villi (Villus, plural)

Which nutrients are absorbed into the vascular system?

Answer: water soluble or small fat fragments

Which nutrients are absorbed into the lymphatic system?

Answer: Fat Soluble

Nutrients absorbed in the vascular system go to which organ first?

Answer: Liver

Nutrients absorbed in the lymphatic system go to which organ first?

Answer: Heart


Learn More :